USA EB-5 visa by investment

The U.S. federal income tax system uses progressive brackets (10%–37%) based on filing status (single, married, etc.) and taxable income, calculated after subtracting deductions. For 2023, the standard deduction is $13,850 (single) or $27,700 (married jointly). Tax credits like the Child Tax Credit ($2,000 per child) and Earned Income Tax Credit reduce taxes owed directly.

State and local taxes vary significantly:

• Income tax: 0% (Texas) to 13.3% (California) across 41 states.
• Sales tax: 0% (Delaware) to 9.55% (Tennessee).
• Property tax: Average 1.1% nationally.

Payroll taxes include:

• Social Security: 6.2% each from employer/employee (up to $160,200 income).
• Medicare: 1.45% each (no cap). Self-employed pay 15.3% total.
  Other taxes: Capital gains (0%–20%) and estate tax (over $12.92M in 2023).

Business Taxation:

• Structures: Sole proprietors use Schedule C; partnerships/LLCs are pass-through entities. S Corps avoid double taxation; C Corps pay 21% federal tax plus shareholder taxes.
• State corporate tax: 0% (South Dakota) to 11.5% (New Jersey).
• Deductions: Operating expenses, R&D costs, and bonus depreciation.
• Employer obligations: 7.65% FICA match and 6% federal unemployment tax (first $7,000 wages).

Tax Incentives:

• R&D Credit (up to 20% of qualifying expenses).
• Work Opportunity Credit (hiring veterans/disadvantaged groups).
  These programs reduce liabilities while fostering business growth and innovation.